Council on Foundations - Who We Serve

Archiving Your Family Foundation

Get the complete guide to archiving your foundation's history. Includes articles, samples, and resource lists.

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A Shared Perspective on Archives and Family Foundations by Douglas Bakken and Edmund Berkeley, Jr.
This article notes the value of recording the oral history of a foundation by interviewing people who worked at the foundation and/or had other personal ties to it.
Why Foundation Archives Matter by James Allen Smith
The importance of archiving lies in how we would like individuals in the future to perceive a former organization and learn from both the successes and the failures carried out by the foundation. We must therefore have enough care to preserve the documents that tell the foundation's story.
Taming the Archival Tiger by Peter Dobkin Hall
Building a foundation's archival history takes planning, but Peter Dobkin Hall argues that it may be essential to an efficient and effective organization in the long run. He notes, for instance, that public policy toward nonprofits depends to a significant extent on what policy-makers know about them. Their knowledge, in turn, is based largely on the work of scholars who use archival collections. Therefore, if nonprofits are not adequately represented in archival collections, they are not likely to receive their due from policy-makers.
What Do We Keep? By Lee R. Hiltzik
Use these basic guidelines to start your archival process. The author briefly outlines the types of significant administrative, legal, and historical documents to save.

Additional Resources

Books

Sample Documents

Board Composition and Governance

Foundation boards make important organizational decisions. Their cohesiveness and collaborative work are, therefore, fundamental to the success of any family foundation. They lead a foundation in its vision and make leadership appointments that can critically impact the organization.

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An Introduction to Board Composition by the Council on Foundations
Learn about some of the basics of board composition: the selection process, involving nonfamily members, board size, and gender and race of members.
Include Me! Making the Case for Inclusiveness for Private and Family Foundations
by Mary F. Winters
Winters makes the case that foundations need to embrace inclusive practices when forming boards. She argues that the primary benefits that result include enhanced grantmaking, better utilization of the growing diversity among our population, increased creativity that comes from including different perspectives, and much more.
Who's on the Board? by Deanne Stone
Stone explores how the changing definitions of a “family” are making it harder to draw the line on family foundation board eligibility. More and more boards are including experts with no family ties, which is a big step and a decision that family foundations need to consider when defining what they believe their own family foundation board should look like.
What Makes Great Boards Great by Jeffrey A. Sonnenfeld
Sonnenfeld argues that a dynamic and successful board is due to the way people work together and not the regulations and rules put in place.

Additional Resources

4a. Fiduciary Duties of Board Members (webinar)

Websites

BoardSource

Sample Documents

Communications and PR

Foundations need to carefully consider how they will communicate with the press and the public. These interactions create an image or a brand of the foundation that is seen by the public.

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Building Communities on Twitter
Read the transcript of the Chronicle of Philanthropy's discussion with John Haydon, a marketing consultant for small nonprofit groups in Boston, who has studied how some charities are using Twitter to build meaningful relationships with supporters.
Why Nonprofits Should Invest More in Advertising by Dan Pallotta
Nonprofit advertising pales in comparison to that of the private sector. In a poignant piece, Pallotta argues that larger and more prevalent ads featuring Darfur, ending AIDS, or curing breast cancer—rather than Hummer, T-Mobile, AT&T, and a host of electronics and furniture retailers—would increase awareness and evoke a sense of urgency to contribute more to these social causes.
Communicating for Impact by GrantCraft
In this guide, grantmakers explain how they've used communications to advance programmatic goals. They discuss what's involved in developing a strategy, structuring a program, managing relationships, using new media, and evaluating communications activities.
Publicity for Nonprofits by Sandra Beckwith
Every nonprofit organization needs publicity to drive awareness of its goals. Yet, breaking through the clutter in today's information-overloaded society poses a huge challenge to organizations of all sizes. Beckwith shows how to capture the public's attention with successful publicity strategies designed specifically for nonprofit organizations.

Advertising

Internet

Public Relations

Developing a Media Policy

9a. Strengthening Communications (webinar)

Websites

Books

Sample Documents

Diversity and Family Philanthropy

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All Aboard by Zita Arocha
Arocha explains how minority trustees bring a different set of perspectives to boards and can help foundations keep in touch with the communities they are serving.
Diversity in Action
These stories reflect the growing realization about the advantages of having diversity within the leadership of all types of foundations.
Ten Ways for Family Foundations to Consider Diversity and Inclusion
Tackle any one of these 10 approaches to jump-start an exploration of diversity and inclusion at your foundation. For instance, you might choose to begin on the inside (e.g., with your mission, governance, contracting, and staffing) and work your way out (e.g., to your external relations and impact). There is no one right way. The key is to get started.
The Challenge of Diversity by the Jessie Smith Noyes Foundation
Hear one foundation's story of the tangible ways in which diversity impacted its grantmaking. The Jessie Smith Noyes Foundation discovered that, prior to bringing on board members and staff of color, it had little real knowledge of the relevant issues that were important to the community.

Additional Resources

Books

Sample Documents

Evaluation

There are many approaches to starting or modifying a grant evaluation program. Listed below are stories and articles on how to create an evaluation process that works for your family's philanthropic goals.

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A Colleague's Perspective on Grantmaking Issues for Family Foundations by Sally Bowles
This is the Tremaine Foundation's story of the appropriate steps it took to establish a grantmaking evaluation model.
Reasons to Evaluate by Barbara Kehrer
Kehrer explains how evaluation helps programs or projects supported by the foundation to better serve their target populations.
35 Keys to Effective Evaluation by Robert M. Johnson
As the need for scarce grant dollars grows more intense, so does the need to make certain those dollars are spent as effectively as possible. Thus, the question of how to evaluate the consequences of grant-supported activities is more important than ever.
Evaluation in Philanthropy by the Council on Foundations
When grantmakers think about evaluation, they often think about evaluating individual grants. While this information can be very useful, it rarely offers broader insights on how the grantmaker is doing as a whole. This publication explains how evaluating the organization from a broader perspective can lead to stronger grantmaking.

Pre-Grant Evaluation

Foundation Evaluation

Foundations and Evaluation: Contexts and Practices for Effective Philanthropy

15a. Measuring Impact (webinar)

Post-Grant Evaluation

Sample Documents

Family and Global Philanthropy

Today's generation sees the world as a much smaller entity than older generations did just 20 years ago. Global causes therefore are becoming more popular and the needy, who once were halfway around the globe, are now seen as neighbors in our backyard.

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Addressing the Impact of Currency Fluctuations on International Grantmaking by the Council on Foundations
Understanding the challenges of currency fluctuations on global grantmaking, and taking action to minimize their impact, can ensure that this natural process does not become an added barrier to overseas giving.
Index of Global Giving by the Center for Global Prosperity
As in all sectors of the economy across the world, the recession that officially began in 2008 has had a broad impact on global philanthropy, decreasing some flows while highlighting the importance of more resilient flows.
Cross-Border Giving through Domestic Collaborations
In the post–September 11 world, charitable expenditures abroad are much more complex. Grantmakers who wish to make global grants must now comply with not only the U.S. tax rules that have always governed direct foreign grantmaking, but also with various anti-terrorism compliance measures. In this new operating environment, collaboration with a domestic public charity may offer foundations the simplest way to accomplish their foreign funding objectives.
A Practical Guide to International Philanthropy by Jonathon R. Moore
In this book, Moore tackles many of the U.S. legal constraints that often hinder families from effectively giving globally.
Impact and Experience of International Grantmaking***
Cross-border philanthropy encounters a myriad of complex issues ranging from grantee nation laws regulating the flow of philanthropic dollars into a country to the acknowledgement of an international organization as an American equivalent of a 501(c)(3) nonprofit group.

Council Bookstore

Additional Resources

Books

Websites

Family Dynamics

Running an organization in which you are working with other family members can be a challenge. Read the following articles highlighting the dynamics of working so closely with family members.

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A Reflection on the Role of Elders by James E. Hughes, Jr.
Providing a structural formula reflective of that of democratic governments, Hughes illustrates family governance as a vehicle with a legislative, executive, and judicial branch.
Not Your Father's Foundation by Jessi Hempel
When young philanthropists join their parents on the board of a family foundation, they have their own ideas about what causes to back. The foundation’s work becomes problematic when these ideas aren't the ones favored by their families. Read about how Danielle Durchslag, the great granddaughter of Sara Lee founder Nathan Cummings, encounters this reality when she joins her family’s foundation.
Effects of Family Culture on Family Foundations by Deanne Stone
In many ways, a family’s culture determines how a family foundation will be run. For example, families that exhibit strong allegiance and strict abidance to family guidelines may look down on progressive actions by younger members. On the other hand, families promoting openness and free ideas may embrace new and differing opinions.
Family Wealth: Keeping it in the Family by James E. Hughes
A general study of family wealth, this book covers everything from creating a family mission statement to engaging family members in philanthropic efforts.

Additional Resources

Books

Sample Documents

The Impact of Family Dynamics (sample documents near end)
Group Dynamics and Team Building
Conflict Management

Financial Management

Learn about the different methods of safe investing and management of your foundation’s funds.

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Solutions for Impact Advisors: From Strategy to Implementation by Rockefeller Philanthropy Advisors
Many of today’s philanthropists choose to partake in impact investments that aim to solve social or environmental challenges while generating financial profit. This monograph provides a look at how impact investing works.
Current Practices in Program-Related Investments by Francie Brody, Kevin McQueen, Christa Velasquez and John Weiser
Although in existence for more than 30 years, program-related investments (PRIs) were used initially by only a small number of the thousands of foundations in the United States. Only in the last 10 to 15 years has the PRI tool been embraced by foundations of all sizes and programmatic focus.
Developing an Investment Policy Statement by the Association of Small Foundations
Whether your foundation manages its own portfolio or engages outside investment managers, you need to have an investment policy statement.

Program-Related Investments (PRI)

Socially Responsible Investing (SRI)

Additional Resources

Books

Foundation and Endowment Investing

Sample Documents

Generational Succession

Generational succession provides a unique opportunity for younger family members to not only take on a leadership role, but also to make an impact in the greater community.

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Executive Transitions by Tom Adams
Founder transitions, leadership changes that occur when a founder(s) of an organization leaves and another leader takes over, are not as simple as some may think. Adams explores these transitions that often can have a profound effect on a nonprofit.
Resource Generation (website)
Resource Generation is an alliance of young people supporting and challenging each other to effect social change through the creative, responsible and strategic use of financial and other resources. The organization’s purpose is to promote innovative ways for young people with wealth to align their personal values and political vision with their financial assets.
A Colleague's Perspective by Merede Graham
When the Namaste Foundation was first formed the board consisted of 10 members (ages 13 to 28). In this reflective piece, one family member recounts the benefits and lessons learned from a variety of experiences that her family foundation, composed of many generations, has encountered through the organization’s work. She recalls the “moments, both personal and as a family, that have been both painfully difficult and completely graceful.”
Answers to Common Questions on Generational Succession Excerpted from The Succession Workbook: Continuity Planning for Family Foundations
Read responses to some of the most common questions concerning generational succession.
The Truth about Succession Planning by Deanne Stone
In a piece contrasting two succession stories, Stone finds that trust and honesty are important factors in relinquishing control to successive generations.

Additional Resources

    5a. Trading Power
    5b. Grandparent Legacy (webinar)
    5c. Generations Sharing Leadership (webinar)

Stories of Generational Succession

Resources

Books

Sample Documents

Foundation Continuity Survey

Grantmaking Issues

Today’s grantmaking is strategic and involves a concrete plan. Strategies used for one type of grantmaking do not necessarily prove effective for another type of grantmaking. Delve into the topics below to strengthen your own grantmaking.

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Is it Nice to Share? by Foundation News
So much of what foundations do—evaluating proposals, weighing the pros and cons of ongoing programs—is inherently confidential. But when a funder collaborates with others, is it generally understood that all information on a grantee will be shared? At the same time, are there ever special considerations to be made when handling information about a grantee that is negative?
Small Grants make Creative Grants by Carrie Avery
Carrie Avery, president of The Durfee Foundation, shares strategies about running small grantgiving programs. Small grants are not necessarily given only to small foundations, nor do they always result in the typical projects that foundations might see with small grants. Rather, Avery believes that small grants make creative and impactful grants.
Approaches to Grantmaking: Developing a Family Strategy by William J. O’Neill Jr.
O’Neill covers three important topics about grantmaking strategy: why have a strategy, how a strategy is developed, and what is a strategy. He concludes by demonstrating how these strategies have helped to further his own foundation’s mission.
Capacity Building Strategies by the Council on Foundations
Capacity building is called many things—offering technical assistance, increasing sustainability, funding infrastructure. Yet capacity building by any name still benefits nonprofits more than project funding, or so the Mary Reynolds Babcock Foundation (MRBF) says. Through its Organizational Development program, MRBF helps organizations build the internal capacity to be the most effective they can be and to sustain themselves over time.

Additional Resources

4a. Creative Grantmaking (webinar)
4b. Giving Grantees a Voice (webinar)

Capacity-Building Grantmaking

Collaborative Grantmaking

Public Policy Grantmaking

Books

Sample Documents for Grantmaking

Legal and Tax Issues

Understanding the ever-changing legal issues associated with private foundations is one of the most complicated aspects of managing a family foundation. The following documents provide a broad overview of some of the most common legal problems.

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Family Foundations and the Law by the Council on Foundations
Family Foundations and the Law provides legal advice for members of family foundations through the use of easy-to-understand explanations. The author identifies and explores a number of laws regarding family foundations, including charitable deductions, excise taxes, self-dealing, minimum payouts, international grantmaking, and the 990-PF.
Top 10 Ways Family Foundations Get Into Trouble by the Council on Foundations
Getting in trouble with the law can happen relatively easily. For example, salaries above federal compensation guidelines for nonprofits, paying rent to disqualified persons for use of their offices, and taking family members on foundation travel at the foundation’s expense are all ways that family foundations can run into problems with the law.
Private Foundations: Tax Law and Compliance by Bruce R. Hopkins and Jody Blazek
This book is a resource for family foundations at all stages in the life cycle, whether individuals are thinking about starting a foundation for the first time or closing foundation doors after years of operation. The book delivers informative explanations and useful samples of various tax forms.

Additional Resources

3a. Avoiding Conflicts of Interest (webinar)

Books

Sample Documents

Management Issues

Management issues involve topics such as staffing, evaluation, compensation, and benefits. Choose from an array of resources designed to help you meet these challenges.

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Managing Your Family Foundation: Consider the Options by the Council on Foundations
There is no single best way to manage a family foundation. Each family creates its own rules and structures for its foundation, allowing for a variety of management styles.
However, as different as management styles may be, this article focuses on three basic factors that are integral in developing a management model: the nature of the foundation’s grantmaking, the skills and experience of its board members, and the costs of management.
What Drives Foundation Expenses and Compensation by the Urban Institute, the Foundation Center, and GuideStar
This report presents final results from the Foundation Expenses and Compensation Project—the first large-scale, long-term, systematic study of independent, corporate, and community foundations’ expense and compensation patterns and the factors behind them.
Family Foundation Staffing Models Excerpt from Management, from the Family Foundation Library Series
This includes examples of models that are used for staffing family foundations. Many families use variations on these models or a combination of them. Any of them can be effective, depending on what is important to the family.
Linking Payout and Mission by the Aspen Institute
Among the challenges facing those engaged in grantmaking, none is more daunting than aligning a foundation’s charitable work with its financial resources. Matching payout to mission requires a commitment at a foundation’s highest levels, from presidents and other key staff officials to boards of directors and their investment and program committees.

Expenses and Spending

Compensation

Staffing

Internships

Additional Resources

Books

The Guide to Small Foundation Management

Sample Documents

Next Generation Philanthropy

To secure a dynamic future for the field of philanthropy, we need to engage young philanthropic leaders and provide them with the appropriate skills and leadership opportunities to blossom in the sector.

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Trading Power by the Council on Foundations
Trading Power examines themes of multigenerational leadership challenges in today’s philanthropy, including the perceived lack of leadership opportunities for Next Gen; what each generation can learn while working together; and why and how to engage a new generation of philanthropic leaders and welcome them to the decision-making table.
Ready to Lead by the Annie E. Casey Foundation, Meyer Foundation, idealist.org, and Compass Point
As the Baby Boomers retire from their nonprofit leadership positions over the coming decades and the labor market grows ever tighter, how will the nonprofit sector attract the most committed and talented individuals? What would draw members of Generation X and Generation Y to positions that typically offer long hours for short pay?
The Giving Family by Susan Crites Price
This book outlines eight specific steps parents, grandparents, teachers, religious leaders, and other adults can take to instill the spirit of giving and volunteering in children ages 5 to 18. It explains how children can learn philanthropy in and out of the home, how young people can become involved with nonprofit groups as advisers or board members, and how parents can learn from the experiences of family foundations.

Resources

Sample Documents

Perpetuity vs. Limited Life

Some donors believe that their giving should be focused on the social ills and problems of their generation, while others view the continuation of giving beyond their lifetime as a valuable resource to society. Deciding whether a foundation will exist in perpetuity or have a limited life is an important decision that every family foundation needs to consider since such a choice will alter a foundation’s strategy and governance.

Select Readings

How do Family Foundations Decide? by the Foundation Center
This informative article addresses the questions associated with deciding whether to create a family foundation that will exist in perpetuity or one that will have a limited life.
Giving While Living - The Beldon Fund Story by the Beldon Fund
Read about one foundation’s decision to spend $100 million in 10 years to support urgent environmental causes.
Should Foundations Exist in Perpetuity? by the Philanthropy Roundtable
While ultimately arguing for a limited life span for foundations, this useful guide provides substantial points for both sides of the debate.
Alternatives to Perpetuity by Deanne Stone
Providing the stories of many well-known foundations, the National Center for Family Philanthropy’s report asks critical questions about closing foundation doors.

Additional Resources

Philanthropy and the Recession

The current recession has undoubtedly affected everyone within the philanthropic sector, from donors to grantee nonprofit organizations. See how foundations are dealing with and overcoming the challenges of the economic recession.

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Nonprofits and the Economic Recession by Laurie E. Paarlberg
Paarlberg, an assistant professor at the University of North Carolina Wilmington, offers suggestions on how nonprofits and the broader nonprofit community might strategically approach the economic downturn.
Past Economic Downturns and the Outlook for Foundation Giving by Steven Lawrence
The Foundation Center provides historical context through an examination of foundation giving trends in prior recessionary periods to address the concerns about the impact of the current economic downturn on foundation giving and the nonprofit sector.
Giving Recovery after Economic Recessions by the Center on Philanthropy at Indiana University
This report details the changes in giving during the Great Depression and other selected recessions in U.S. history to provide a glimpse of what the current economic recession might mean for today’s philanthropic sector.
Philanthropy's Post-Recession Future
This is a look at recent fundraising trends and an interview with columnist Sean Stannard-Stockton about the future of philanthropy—and how the nonprofit world will likely be changed in the wake of the global recession.

Additional Resources

Sample Documents

Site Visit Companion

When a foundation has a limited amount of time and resources, site visits are usually one of the first things to be reconsidered. Many, however, argue that site visits are crucial to the grantmaking process as well as the success of any grantgiving program. Evaluating an organization in real life, compared to seeing one on paper, can result in two very different nonprofits.

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Why We're Sold on Site Visits by Abbot Stranahan
Stranahan, chair of the board of The Needmor Fund, explains why she believes site visits are essential to grantmaking and includes tips on how to engage with nonprofit leaders and make the best of site visits.
Knock, Knock—It's the Foundation Board Calling by Darlene M. Siska
The Liz Claiborne Foundation, based in New York, combines regularly held board meetings with grantee site visits. Unsurprisingly, many of these meetings have helped inspire the foundation’s trustees to excel in their own philanthropic efforts.
5 Steps to Effective Site Visits
This short article outlines how to conduct a site visit to obtain optimal results.

Additional Resources

Sample Documents

Social Media and Technology

Technology is not only changing the way people live their daily lives. It is also transforming the way foundations and nonprofits solicit donors and interact with the public.

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Before Jumping into Social Media by Beth Kanter
Much like the grantees they support, grantmakers increasingly are feeling pressured to adopt Web 2.0 technologies, either because of the hype that surrounds social media or because of peer pressure with other organizations jumping into the waters of social media. Kanter warns that leaders of grantmaking organizations should make some careful considerations before jumping into social media.
Guide to Twitter for Small Nonprofits by John Haydon
This guide provides simple instructions for setting up a Twitter account. Haydon gives friendly tips on how nonprofits can get the most out of Twitter and engage with the public.
Nonprofits Tapping into iPhone Applications
Developing an application for Apple’s iPhone device can be expensive, but some charities are making the investment, believing that mobile technology will play an important role in how they connect with constituents and donors in the near future.
Mobile Charity Gaining Momentum with Younger Generations
Mobile technology presents a huge opportunity for nonprofits that want to reach specific groups of people (likely to be younger) and provide them with information in a convenient and immediate format.

Social Media

Technology

Books

Sample Documents

Social Media Policy - Chicago Community Trust

Trustee Orientation

Training new trustees ensures that they understand their new board responsibilities, the foundation’s mission, and how to carry out their appointment efficiently.

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Determining Reasonable Compensation for Foundation Directors and Trustees by the Council on Foundations
This useful guide provides advice on how to prevent unreasonable or excessive compensation for foundation trustees.
The Trustee Notebook by Robert H. Hull
What are the rules that govern trustees of private foundations? What is the process for making good grant decisions? These are just some of the questions that are addressed in this guide for the new family trustee.
Strengthening Board Performance through Orientation Excerpted from Trends in Family Foundation Governance, Staffing and Management, Council on Foundations
This article suggests several methods for strengthening a foundation board’s performance: compiling a detailed board orientation handbook, providing trustees with board position descriptions, and encouraging members to attend conferences and read relevant articles or publications.
Duties and Responsibilities of a Trustee by Curtis W. Meadows
Accepting the role of trustee in the past was often more of an honorary title. It involved a high degree of community recognition with little personal risk, time commitment, or aggravation, unless you were selected to be a member of the inner circle of leadership. But today, in our litigious society, the role of a trustee requires a high degree of active participation.

Additional Resources

Resources

Board Member Resource Roundup

Sample Documents

Values, Vision, Mission

A values statement reflects the core principles that ground an organization, while a vision and a mission statement define the purpose of your philanthropy—what you hope to accomplish in the future, and what you plan to accomplish in the present, respectively.

Selected Readings

Values, Vision, and Mission by Elaine Gast
Learn about the differences between a foundation’s values, vision, and mission.
Articulating the Foundation's Mission by Newell Flather, Mary Philips, and Jean Whitney
A foundation’s mission changes constantly. Depending on the board members and the times we are living in, the foundation’s mission can change to help an organization be flexible and to meet the demands of changing times.
A Colleague's Perspective on Mission and Vision Statements by William Graustein
Graustein, a trustee of the William Casper Graustein Memorial Fund, describes what a mission statement means for him, especially when his foundation’s assets increased about a hundred fold.
The Strategic Planning Session by Jerry J. McCoy and Kathryn W. Miree
Writing a mission statement is not easy. The best approach is to gather the board members in a strategic planning session and to prepare them for the task ahead. One way to prepare the group is to provoke thought on the mission of the foundation through a questionnaire.

Values

6a. The Development of Mission and Values Statements for Family Foundations (webinar)

Vision

Mission

Sample Value, Vision, and Mission Statements

Working with Advisers/Consultants

Help from advisers and/or philanthropic consultants can bring more efficiency to your grantmaking organization. Most philanthropic advisers have experience in the field and can provide help on a variety of topics.

Select Readings

From Wealth Counselors to Wise Counselors by Keith Whitaker
This study rests on qualitative interviews with 30 of the nation’s leading advisers to the world’s wealthiest families. Researchers hoped to use the results to shed some light on the role of advice on the personal, philanthropic, and business decisions of their clients, with repercussions for the rest of society.
Improving Philanthropic Capital by the Philanthropic Initiative
This report discusses how advisers do—and often do not—make philanthropy a part of client wealth counseling, and of ways in which philanthropy might become a more consistent, integral part of adviser practice.
Choosing a Consultant by Fran Henry
Today’s grantgiving organizations have a lot of options when it comes to hiring a consultant. This article provides helpful advice on how to choose one that will help your foundation generate large rewards in the end.

Additional Resources

Websites

Samples

What Services can Advisors Provide?

Transition from Family Business to Family Philanthropy

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The Power of Family Philanthropy by Ellen Remmer
Remmer describes the significance of family philanthropy as well as the challenges and opportunities that families from business backgrounds encounter.
Natural Philanthropists by Beth Breeze
In this report, researchers discovered that family businesses in the United Kingdom are more likely to support charitable activities than non-family businesses, and their commitment to being philanthropic, socially responsible, and good members of the community are genuinely felt, deeply held, and more robust.
Generation to Generation by Kelin E. Gersick, John A. Davis, Marion McCollom Hampton, and Ivan Lansberg
This book explores the challenges family businesses face as they move through their life cycles. The authors observe that while businesses can draw together families into a common cause, family foundations tend to emphasize individuality and can drive family members apart. The authors set forth helpful guidelines on how to manage these situations.

Family Philanthropy

Key Topics

In This Section

Archiving Your Family Foundation

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Board Composition and Governance

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Communications and PR

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Diversity and Family Philanthropy

Evaluation

Family and Global Philanthropy

Family Dynamics

Financial Management

Select Readings

Generational Succession

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Grantmaking Issues

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Legal and Tax Issues

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Management Issues

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Next Generation Philanthropy

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Perpetuity vs. Limited Life

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Philanthropy and the Recession

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Site Visit Companion

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Social Media and Technology

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Trustee Orientation

Select Readings

Values, Vision, Mission

Selected Readings

Working with Advisers/Consultants

Select Readings

Transition from Family Business to Family Philanthropy

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